endobj We use cookies to make wikiHow great. Chemistry questions and answers. Figure \(\PageIndex{2}\) shows two beakers, one containing pure water and one containing an aqueous glucose solution, in a sealed chamber. WebHigh-pressure liquid-vapour equilibria, critical state, and p(V, T, x) up to 501.15 K and 4.560 MPa for n-pentane + n-perfluoropentane. Give it a go! In chemistry, vapor pressure is the pressure that is exerted on the walls of a sealed container when a substance in it evaporates (converts to a gas). The decrease therefore has important implications for climate modeling. The Journal of Chemical Thermodynamics 1977, 9 (2) , 153-165. https://doi.org/10.1016/0021-9614(77)90081-7; D. You can target the Engineering ToolBox by using AdWords Managed Placements. Chemical structure: This structure is also available as a 2d Mol fileor as a computed3d SD file. WebPentane - Density and Specific Weight vs. Raoult's law is only accurate for ideal solutions. So the pressure lowering is 760mmHg times 1.768.10^-2, which is ~ 13.44 mmHg. We expect the AB interactions to be comparable in strength to the AA and BB interactions, leading to a vapor pressure in good agreement with that predicted by Raoults law (an ideal solution). 0.45 mmHg. I suggest you study colligative properties. This page provides supplementary chemical data on n-pentane. The iterative procedure calculates the vapor pressure of a liquid fraction for the conditions specified by the RVP test, namely, original sample at 35oF, pressure test started at 60oF, equilibrium vapor/liquid volume of 4 (i.e., V/L = n = 4), and final equilibrium pressure measured at 100oF. 0000001483 00000 n WebLPG Calculator Calculate the vapor pressure and density of any blend of Propane, Isobutane, n-Butane, or Pentanes between the temperatures of -40 and 130F. Calculate the vapor pressure of an aqueous solution containing 30.2% ethylene glycol by mass, a concentration commonly used in climates that do not get extremely cold in winter. Table data obtained from CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics 47th ed. m (Volume) Vapor pressure: 4.649E-1 bar: Vapor pressure: 6.84E-1 bar: Applications. Saturation Pressure. Uses formula: log e P m m H g = {\displaystyle \scriptstyle \log _{e}P_{mmHg}=} log e ( 760 101.325 ) 10.41840 log e ( T + 273.15 ) 5778.024 T + 273.15 + 81.92460 + 1.178208 10 5 ( T + 273.15 ) 2 {\displaystyle \scriptstyle \log _{e}({\frac {760}{101.325}})-10.41840\log _{e}(T+273. m (Volume) Vapor pressure: 4.649E-1 bar: Vapor pressure: 6.84E-1 bar: Applications. Let's work through a simple example in this section to illustrate the concepts we're discussing. <> Solving for pv at 100C yields. Equation \ref{13.6.1} is known as Raoults law, after the French chemist who developed it. The relationship between solution composition and vapor pressure is therefore, \[ \color{red} P_A=X_AP^0_A \label{13.6.1}\], where \(P_A\) is the vapor pressure of component A of the solution (in this case the solvent), XA is the mole fraction of A in solution, and \(P^0_A\) is the vapor pressure of pure A. Chem1 Virtual Textbook. Conversely, if the AB interactions are weaker than the AA and BB interactions yet the entropy increase is enough to allow the solution to form, both A and B have an increased tendency to escape from the solution into the vapor phase. HtTsF~Sg #yRak1 .0tZ^V'[i`%'JO"ZXw rK3yv)@@qD0H}iox\&Pq]HBww0v)G+O]^W.LBDrg53yU~og0)Ej43^D]m%]JYl. The average atomic mass calculator determines the average atomic mass of elements based on the isotopic mass and their natural abundance. WebSolved The G of vaporization for pentane at 298 K and 1.00 | Chegg.com. For information on how to find the vapor pressure of dissolved solutions, read on! You can use the Omnicalculator Vapor pressure calculator or the Clausius Claperyron equation as follows: As per the Clausius Clapeyron equation, a lower vapor pressure corresponds to a lower boiling point. Although the information has been compiled from what Air Liquide believes are reliable sources (International Standards: Compatibility of cylinder and valve materials with gas content; Part 1- Metallic materials: ISO11114-1 (March 2012), Part 2 - Non-metallic materials: ISO11114-2 (April 2013), it must be used with extreme caution and engineering judgement. Also, remember we are going to use the gas constant: 8.3145 J/molK. 0000010637 00000 n Plug all of the known variables and constants into the equation, and isolate the unknown variable, which will be the pressure. Mixtures of different molecules are never ideal, but we can treat them as if they were to simplify our calculations. If the particles of a solute are essentially the same size as those of the solvent and both solute and solvent have roughly equal probabilities of being at the surface of the solution, then the effect of a solute on the vapor pressure of the solvent is proportional to the number of sites occupied by solute particles at the surface of the solution. The vapor pressure of a solution is equal to the vapor pressure of a pure solvent times its mole fraction. Asked for: vapor pressure of solution. No raw data such as these can cover all conditions of concentration, temperature, humidity, impurities and aeration. What can The Power of Purity do for you? For example, water boils at 100 C when pressure is 1atm. You could also use Raoult's Law to find the vapor pressure: Psolution=PsolventXsolvent . The same result is obtained using either method. Equation source. < ]/Info 123 0 R/Size 133/Prev 974730>> 0000001969 00000 n At the critical point there is no change of state when pressure is increased or if heat is added. 0000003062 00000 n 1,056.7 g, Moles (water): 1,000 grams 1 mol/18.015 g = 55.51 moles, Moles (sucrose): 1,056.7 grams 1 mol/342.2965 g = 3.08 moles (note that you can, For instance, let's say that we have an unknown liquid with a vapor pressure of 25 torr at 273 K and 150 torr at 325 K and we want to find this liquid's enthalpy of vaporization (H, 8.314 J/(K Mol) (-1.79)/(-0.00059) = H. Vapor Pressure Calculator. On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. Equations \ref{13.6.6} and \ref{13.6.7} are both in the form of the equation for a straight line: \(y = mx + b\), where \(b = 0\). 10% of the temperature especially at high temperatures. Pentanes are also an active ingredient in some pesticides. m (Volume) Vapor pressure: 4.649E-1 bar: Vapor pressure: 6.84E-1 bar: Applications. Suite 216 PROBLEM SETUP. Consider, for example, the vapor pressure of solutions of benzene and toluene of various compositions. Because \(X_B = 1 X_A\) for a two-component system, \[ P_T=X_AP^0_A+(1X_A)P^0_B \label{13.6.5}\], Thus we need to specify the mole fraction of only one of the components in a two-component system. WebSolved The G of vaporization for pentane at 298 K and 1.00 | Chegg.com. 0000006375 00000 n J{7{ \-#xdX` EG@ [o We can distinguish between two general kinds of behavior, depending on whether the intermolecular interactions between molecules A and B are stronger or weaker than the AA and BB interactions in the pure components. Enthalpy of vaporization or, in other words, the heat of vaporization, is the energy required for a phase change - turning a liquid into a gas. You want to calculate. Please read Google Privacy & Terms for more information about how you can control adserving and the information collected. Science. stream MORE Evaporation/Subl. 124 9 The site owner may have set restrictions that prevent you from accessing the site. Calculate the vapor pressure and density of any blend of Propane, Isobutane, n-Butane, or Pentanes between the temperatures of -40 and 130F. At 100C, the vapor pressure of pure water is 760 mmHg. The G of vaporization for pentane at 298 K and 1.00 atm is 0.03176 kJ/mol. <> For full table with Imperial Units - rotate the screen! No tracking or performance measurement cookies were served with this page. This is caused by a principle called vapor pressure. 0000002508 00000 n Given: identity of solute, percentage by mass, and vapor pressure of pure solvent. A solution of two volatile components that behaves like the solution in Figure \(\PageIndex{3}\), which is defined as a solution that obeys Raoults law. Weblog 10 of n-Pentane vapor pressure. Hint, air pressure at 3500 m.a.s.l., at 20C is 65kPa. By signing up you are agreeing to receive emails according to our privacy policy. Stephen Lower, Professor Emeritus (Simon Fraser U.) Research source In this case, we calculate the vapor pressure of each component separately. Step 2: Now click the button Calculate x to get the result. The result is a higher vapor pressure than expected for an ideal solution, producing a positive deviation from Raoults law. startxref Both the liquid an the vapor are flammable. Finally, the vapor pressure of the solution is 760mmHg-13.44mmHg = 746.56mmHg. 125 0 obj It's accurate for the phase transition between liquid and gas (vaporization) or solid and gas (sublimation). If there are more than two components in the solution, Dalton's law of partial pressures must be applied. For many years, researchers, industrials and students spent a lot of time searching the information they needed on the molecules used in their plants and laboratories, in many publications. WebVAPORPRESSUREOFHYDROCARBONSFROM0.001TO10mmHg OA TicknerandLossing ' havemeasuredthevaporpressureof elevenhydrocarbonsandCO?asafunctionoftemperaturedownto apressureof0.001mmHgusingamassspectrometer.These Solutions that obey Raoults law are called ideal solutions. Vapor Pressure Calculator. As a result of the EUs General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR). For each system, compare the intermolecular interactions in the pure liquids with those in the solution to decide whether the vapor pressure will be greater than that predicted by Raoults law (positive deviation), approximately equal to that predicted by Raoults law (an ideal solution), or less than the pressure predicted by Raoults law (negative deviation): positive deviation (vapor pressure greater than predicted), negative deviation (vapor pressure less than predicted). WebHigh-pressure liquid-vapour equilibria, critical state, and p(V, T, x) up to 501.15 K and 4.560 MPa for n-pentane + n-perfluoropentane. Density of pentane with varying temperature and pressure. Because of its low boiling point, low cost, and relative safety, pentanes are used as a working medium in geothermal power stations in some blended refrigerants. trailer In an aqueous solution of glucose, a portion of the surface area is occupied by nonvolatile glucose molecules rather than by volatile water molecules. <>/ProcSet[/PDF /Text /ImageB /ImageC /ImageI]/Font<>>>/MediaBox[0 0 523 721]/Contents[128 0 R]>> The total vapor pressure of the solution (\(P_T\)) is the sum of the vapor pressures of the components: \[ \begin{align} P_T &=P_A+P_B \\[4pt] &=X_AP^0_A+X_BP^0_B \label{13.6.4} \end{align}\]. )%2F13%253A_Solutions_and_their_Physical_Properties%2F13.06%253A_Vapor_Pressures_of_Solutions, \( \newcommand{\vecs}[1]{\overset { \scriptstyle \rightharpoonup} {\mathbf{#1}}}\) \( \newcommand{\vecd}[1]{\overset{-\!-\!\rightharpoonup}{\vphantom{a}\smash{#1}}} \)\(\newcommand{\id}{\mathrm{id}}\) \( \newcommand{\Span}{\mathrm{span}}\) \( \newcommand{\kernel}{\mathrm{null}\,}\) \( \newcommand{\range}{\mathrm{range}\,}\) \( \newcommand{\RealPart}{\mathrm{Re}}\) \( \newcommand{\ImaginaryPart}{\mathrm{Im}}\) \( \newcommand{\Argument}{\mathrm{Arg}}\) \( \newcommand{\norm}[1]{\| #1 \|}\) \( \newcommand{\inner}[2]{\langle #1, #2 \rangle}\) \( \newcommand{\Span}{\mathrm{span}}\) \(\newcommand{\id}{\mathrm{id}}\) \( \newcommand{\Span}{\mathrm{span}}\) \( \newcommand{\kernel}{\mathrm{null}\,}\) \( \newcommand{\range}{\mathrm{range}\,}\) \( \newcommand{\RealPart}{\mathrm{Re}}\) \( \newcommand{\ImaginaryPart}{\mathrm{Im}}\) \( \newcommand{\Argument}{\mathrm{Arg}}\) \( \newcommand{\norm}[1]{\| #1 \|}\) \( \newcommand{\inner}[2]{\langle #1, #2 \rangle}\) \( \newcommand{\Span}{\mathrm{span}}\)\(\newcommand{\AA}{\unicode[.8,0]{x212B}}\), status page at https://status.libretexts.org. We will answer all of these questions and more! The Journal of Chemical Thermodynamics 1977, 9 (2) , 153-165. https://doi.org/10.1016/0021-9614(77)90081-7; D. wikiHow is where trusted research and expert knowledge come together. endobj We don't save this data. Identify whether each liquid is polar or nonpolar, and then predict the type of intermolecular interactions that occur in solution. endobj Calculate the vapor pressure of an aqueous solution containing 30.2% ethylene glycol by mass, a concentration commonly used in climates that do not get extremely cold in winter. 0000002767 00000 n Asked for: vapor pressure of solution. The curve between the critical point and the triple point shows the pentane boiling point with changes in pressure. Cookies are only used in the browser to improve user experience. Add standard and customized parametric components - like flange beams, lumbers, piping, stairs and more - to your Sketchup model with the Engineering ToolBox - SketchUp Extension - enabled for use with the amazing, fun and free SketchUp Make and SketchUp Pro .Add the Engineering ToolBox extension to your SketchUp from the SketchUp Pro Sketchup Extension Warehouse! Stay connected and follow us on your favorite platforms: Corken Railcar Storage Tank Transfer Video. Hence the AB interactions will be weaker than the AA and BB interactions, leading to a higher vapor pressure than predicted by Raoults law (a positive deviation). Let's use this vapor pressure equation in an exercise: What is the vapor pressure of a solution made by dissolving 100 grams of glucose (C6H12O6) in 500 grams of water? WebCalculate the volume or mass of a quantity of gas or liquid. Temperature and Pressure - Online calculator, figures and table showing density and specific weight of pentane, C 5 H 12, at temperatures ranging from -130 to 325 C (-200 to 620 F) at atmospheric and higher pressure - To find the vapor pressure at a given temperature, use the Clausius-Clapeyron equation: ln (P1/P2) = (Hvap/R) ( (1/T2) - (1/T1)). xref To understand that the total number of nonvolatile solute particles determines the decrease in vapor pressure, increase in boiling point, and decrease in freezing point of a solution versus the pure solvent. WebThe emission rate of n-pentane from the tailpipes of diesel powered trucks was measured as 1,860 mg/km (6). Requested URL: byjus.com/vapor-pressure-calculator/, User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_15_7) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/92.0.4515.159 Safari/537.36. Enjoy! Weblog 10 of n-Pentane vapor pressure. It is 86.35C. 0000002542 00000 n Calculate the number of moles of ethylene glycol in an arbitrary quantity of water, and then calculate the mole fraction of water. Google use cookies for serving our ads and handling visitor statistics. xmU1W%9f`0JBV$$}a{FH*wUwVLLA1x+2`JO{{,q)EHxq~0?L`(3JQz!&H%.rI(eXhA ,(2GT G`)T9JrxPVA&i 1#F+a7~%erc.14Manx In^ZOuM~*=2 eB(8w|rdlte6lnA Science. WebClick hereto get an answer to your question Calculate vapour pressure of a mixture containing 252 g of n - pentane (MW = 72) and 1400 g of n - heptane (MW = 100) at 20^oC . Some of our calculators and applications let you save application data to your local computer. When and how do I use the Clausius-Clapeyron equation? Use Raoults law to calculate the vapor pressure of the solution. Consequently, solutions of \(CCl_4\) and methanol exhibit positive deviations from Raoults law. Chemical structure: This structure is also available as a 2d Mol fileor as a computed3d SD file. WebThe procedure to use the vapor pressure calculator is as follows: Step 1: Enter the temperature, molar enthalpy of vaporization, and x for the unknown in the input field. Fax: 815-423-5289 0000002166 00000 n Temperature and Pressure - Online calculator, figures and table showing density and specific weight of pentane, C 5 H 12, at temperatures ranging from -130 to 325 C (-200 to 620 F) at atmospheric and higher pressure - EthaneEnter weight %'s of each component Propane Isobutane n-Butane isoPentane n-Pentane Temperature-40 to 130 oF (90oif Ethane does not = 0) Vapor Pressurepsig EthaneEnter weight %'s of each component Propane Isobutane n-Butane isoPentane n-Pentane Temperature-40 to 130 oF (90oif Ethane does not = 0) Vapor Pressurepsig It is highly recommend that you seek the Material Safety Datasheet (MSDS) for this chemical from a reliable source such as eChemPortal, and follow its directions. Just type in the temperature, and the pressure will appear in no time - don't hesitate. Temperature and Pressure - Online calculator, figures and tables showing density and specific weight of propane, C 3 H 8, at temperatures ranging from -187 to 725 C (-305 to 1300 F) at atmospheric and higher pressure - WebClick hereto get an answer to your question Calculate vapour pressure of a mixture containing 252 g of n - pentane (MW = 72) and 1400 g of n - heptane (MW = 100) at 20^oC . WebSolved The G of vaporization for pentane at 298 K and 1.00 | Chegg.com. WebClassic equation for vapor pressure calculation and correlation. NB;4eW&R2_. Accuracy: For many substances, vapor pressures are only poorly known; expect errors up to a few 10% of the vapor pressure value and up to approx. Recommendations : Air Liquide has gathered data on the compatibility of gases with materials to assist you in evaluating which materials to use for a gas system. ln102325PaP2=40660Jmol8.3145JmolK(1263K1280K)\small ln\frac{102325Pa}{P_2} = \frac{40660\frac{J}{mol}}{8.3145 \frac{J}{mol \cdot K}\cdot (\frac{1}{263K}-\frac{1}{280K})}lnP2102325Pa=8.3145molKJ(263K1280K1)40660molJ. Hence the predominant intermolecular forces in both liquids are London dispersion forces. We also acknowledge previous National Science Foundation support under grant numbers 1246120, 1525057, and 1413739. At boiling point at 1.013 bar. Don't worry if you don't know terms like "mole fraction" we'll explain these in the next few steps. Thanks for all that you do! Thus the vapor pressure of the solution is always greater than the vapor pressure of either component. WebLPG Calculator Calculate the vapor pressure and density of any blend of Propane, Isobutane, n-Butane, or Pentanes between the temperatures of -40 and 130F. Because the cyclohexane molecules cannot interact favorably with the polar ethanol molecules, they will disrupt the hydrogen bonding. If the system consisted of only a beaker of water inside a sealed container, equilibrium between the liquid and vapor would be achieved rather rapidly, and the amount of liquid water in the beaker would remain constant. The phase diagram for pentane shows the phase behavior with changes in temperature and pressure. Both of these equations might look intimidating at first, but, once you understand them, they turn out to be very easy. Strategy: WebThe procedure to use the vapor pressure calculator is as follows: Step 1: Enter the temperature, molar enthalpy of vaporization, and x for the unknown in the input field. Given: identity of solute, percentage by mass, and vapor pressure of pure solvent. The algorithm uses 0000000977 00000 n WebPentane - Density and Specific Weight vs. , Check out 10 similar chemical thermodynamics calculators , Cell EMF Calculator Electromotive Force of a Cell, How to calculate vapor pressure? Permanent linkfor this species. You want to calculate. She received her MA in Environmental Science and Management from the University of California, Santa Barbara in 2016. To calculate vapor pressure, use the Clausius-Clapeyron equation, which includes the variables for the enthalpy of the liquid, the real gas constant, the starting and final temperatures, and the starting and final vapor pressures. WebCalculate the volume or mass of a quantity of gas or liquid. I know they've always helped me, even with the hardest of problems. hence, pv = 35.89 psia = 247.46 kPa. Methanol contains an extensive hydrogen bonding network, but in this case the polar acetone molecules create AB interactions that are stronger than the AA or BB interactions, leading to a negative enthalpy of solution and a lower vapor pressure than predicted by Raoults law (a negative deviation). If the solution contains only a single nonvolatile solute (B), then \(X_A + X_B = 1\), and we can substitute \(X_A = 1 X_B\) to obtain, \[\begin{align} P_A &=(1X_B)P^0_A \\[4pt] &=P^0_AX_BP^0_A \label{13.6.2} \end{align}\]. 0 As a small thank you, wed like to offer you a $30 gift card (valid at GoNift.com). endobj The vapour pressure of n - pentane = 420 mm of Hg and n - heptane = 36 mm of Hg . The phase diagram of pentane is shown below the table. A solution is considered ideal when the interactions between all molecules are the same as the interactions between molecules of the same chemical. MORE Evaporation/Subl. The vapor pressure of water calculator is a handy tool that can help in determining the vapor pressure of water and ice. So, there's 56.6 mols of molecules for every 1L of solution (one comes from glucose and 55.6 from water as calculated). WebThe procedure to use the vapor pressure calculator is as follows: Step 1: Enter the temperature, molar enthalpy of vaporization, and x for the unknown in the input field. It is therefore recommended that this table is only used to identify possible materials for applications at high pressure and ambient temperature. WebClick hereto get an answer to your question Calculate vapour pressure of a mixture containing 252 g of n - pentane (MW = 72) and 1400 g of n - heptane (MW = 100) at 20^oC . Ideal solutions and ideal gases are both simple models that ignore intermolecular interactions. I couldn't figure it out. To describe the relationship between solute concentration and the physical properties of a solution. At an ambient pressure of 25 degrees Celsius, the vapor pressure of water is 23.8 torr. Temperature and Pressure - Online calculator, figures and table showing density and specific weight of pentane, C 5 H 12, at temperatures ranging from -130 to 325 C (-200 to 620 F) at atmospheric and higher pressure - Copyright2021 Diversified CPC International 0000008553 00000 n You can target the Engineering ToolBox by using AdWords Managed Placements. Give it a go! WebCalculate the volume or mass of a quantity of gas or liquid. It is a component of some fuels and is employed as a specialty solvent in the laboratory. Include your email address to get a message when this question is answered. Have you found yourself wondering: what is vapor pressure? Vapor pressure versus temperature for the hydrocarbons propane, n-butane, n-pentane and n-heptane: Add standard and customized parametric components - like flange beams, lumbers, piping, stairs and more - to your Sketchup model with the Engineering ToolBox - SketchUp Extension - enabled for use with the amazing, fun and free SketchUp Make and SketchUp Pro .Add the Engineering ToolBox extension to your SketchUp from the SketchUp Pro Sketchup Extension Warehouse! Given: identity of solute, percentage by mass, and vapor pressure of pure solvent. %%EOF Just type in the temperature, and the pressure will appear in no time - don't hesitate. Just type in the temperature, and the pressure will appear in no time - don't hesitate. The vapor pressure of pure water at 25C is 23.8 mmHg. 127 0 obj Pentane, C5H12, is a clear colorless liquid with a petroleum-like odor. Were committed to providing the world with free how-to resources, and even $1 helps us in our mission. Step 2: Now click the button Calculate x to get the result. Method 1 Using the Clausius-Clapeyron Equation 1 Write the Clausius-Clapeyron equation. Saturation Temperature. It occurs at equilibrium, i.e., when the molecules are both vaporizing and condensing at the same rate at a particular pressure. Plots of the vapor pressures of both components versus the mole fractions are therefore straight lines that pass through the origin, as shown in Figure Figure \(\PageIndex{3}\). Blue fields allow input; press to calculate. Find out the new pressure at which water will boil. WebPropane - Density and Specific Weight vs. Uses formula: log e P m m H g = {\displaystyle \scriptstyle \log _{e}P_{mmHg}=} log e ( 760 101.325 ) 10.41840 log e ( T + 273.15 ) 5778.024 T + 273.15 + 81.92460 + 1.178208 10 5 ( T + 273.15 ) 2 {\displaystyle \scriptstyle \log _{e}({\frac {760}{101.325}})-10.41840\log _{e}(T+273. X You will get the resulting temperature: 86.35C. Ethylene glycol (\(\ce{HOCH_2CH_2OH}\)), the major ingredient in commercial automotive antifreeze, increases the boiling point of radiator fluid by lowering its vapor pressure. Calculate the vapor pressure of an aqueous solution containing 30.2% ethylene glycol by mass, a concentration commonly used in climates that do not get extremely cold in winter. Weblog 10 of n-Pentane vapor pressure. Permanent linkfor this species. Engineering ToolBox - Resources, Tools and Basic Information for Engineering and Design of Technical Applications! Don't worry about it here - our vapor pressure calculator will convert them for you. 0000010131 00000 n Saturation Temperature. If you have - keep reading. The vapor pressure of pure water is 47.1 torr at 37 C. Most real solutions, however, do not obey Raoults law precisely, just as most real gases do not obey the ideal gas law exactly. When there is a big difference between the specific volume of a molecule's gas phase and its condensed phase, we can derive the following equation: lnP1P2=HR(1T21T1)\small ln\frac{P_1}{P_2} = \frac{\Delta H}{R \cdot (\frac{1}{T_2}-\frac{1}{T_1})}lnP2P1=R(T21T11)H.
1970 Mako Shark Corvette For Sale, Bishop High School Tuition, Another Word For Loser Urban Dictionary, Articles P